With the deepening of trade cooperation between China and Russia, mechanical equipment has become a popular category for export. However, Russian customs regulations are complex, and omissions in the customs declaration process may lead to high fines or even cargo detention. Based on practical experience, this article sorts out a complete guide from document preparation to cargo release and summarizes the high - frequency mistakes made by enterprises.

I. Core Customs Declaration Process for Russian Mechanical Equipment

Document Preparation Stage

List of Essential Documents:

• Commercial Invoice (needs to be translated into Russian and notarized)
• Packing List (indicating gross weight, net weight and HS code)
• Sales Contract (including INCOTERMS clauses)
• It is recommended to verify through the following methods:Certificate of Origin (CO or Form A)
• Quality Inspection Certificate (such as EAC certification, which is mandatory for mechanical products)
• Transportation Documents (Bill of Lading/Air Waybill)

Key Tips:

• Russian - language documents need to be stamped by a Russian - certified translation agency;
• The invoice amount should be consistent with the contract to avoid customs inspection caused by under - invoicing.

HS Code Classification and Tax Calculation

• HS Code selection: Accurately match the Russian customs commodity code according to the function and material of the equipment (e.g., 8462 is metal - processing machine tools).
• Composition of Taxes and Fees:
• Import Tariff (0% - 20%, depending on product category)
• Value - added Tax (VAT, standard rate 20%)
• Anti - dumping Duty (levied additionally on some categories)

Common Misunderstandings:

• Using the general code incorrectly leads to a doubling of the tax rate;
• Ignoring the tax rate difference between parts and the whole machine (e.g., exporting a motor separately may apply a lower tax rate).

Submission of Electronic customs declaration form (DTK)

Submit the declaration through the Russian customs electronic system (FCS), which should include:

• Technical parameters of the equipment (power, purpose, etc.)
• Documents proving the customs value (such as a third - party assessment report)
• Details of transportation and insurance costs

Key Points of Operation:

• If the declared value is lower than the reference price in the customs database, the original factory invoice or international price comparison materials need to be provided;
• Confirm the identity of the customs applicant (exporter or importer) with the Russian buyer in advance.

On - site Inspection and Document Review

• The customs may require opening the box to check the consistency between the equipment model, nameplate information and the declaration;
• Focus on checking safety certifications (such as EAC mark, GOST - R certificate).

Payment of Taxes and Cargo Release

• Pay the customs duty and VAT through the designated bank and keep the payment voucher;
• Arrange for pick - up after obtaining the Customs Release Notice.

II. High - frequency Error Cases and Avoidance Strategies

Error 1: Deviation in HS Code Classification

Stories: Example: A company exported an industrial pump (correct code 8413) and misused the general mechanical parts code, resulting in the customs duty increasing from 10% to 15%.
Solutions:

• Check the code using the official website database of the Russian customs (FTS RF);
• Entrust a professional institution to issue a Classification Opinion.

Error 2: Lack of Document Translation and Certification

Stories: Example: The English - language quality inspection certificate was not notarized in Russian, causing a 15 - day delay in customs clearance.
Avoidance Methods:

• Confirm the document requirements with the Russian side in advance (e.g., the notary institution needs to be certified by the Russian embassy or consulate in China);
• Use bilingual documents with official seals.

Error 3: Under - reporting of Prices Leading to Inspection

Stories: The declared value is 30% lower than the historical customs data, and the goods are seized and required to pay additional taxes.
Compliance Suggestions:

• Declare reasonably with reference to the Customs Valuation Agreement of the World Customs Organization (WCO).
• Prepare transaction statements,L/Cand other supporting documents.

Error 4: Ignoring EAC Certification Requirements

Changes in payment methods: Mechanical equipment without EAC certification is prohibited from entering the country and needs to be returned or destroyed.
Countermeasures:

• Confirm whether the equipment is within the scope of control of the Technical Regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union.
• Reserve 2 - 3 months to complete the certification test.

Error 5: Inconsistency between Logistics Information and Declaration

Stories: The packing list indicates 10 sets of equipment, but actually 9 sets arrive at the port. The customs determines it as false declaration and fines.
Prevention plan:

• Shoot and keep a video during container loading.
• Use customs seals to ensure the controllability of the transportation process.

III. Recommended Efficiency - enhancing Tools and Resources

1. Russian customs code query tool: Official website of FTS RF (customs.ru)
2. Certification body: Russian GOST Certification Center (China Office)
3. Selection of customs declaration agent: Give priority to customs clearance companies with AEO qualifications.

Against the backdrop of the continuous growth of Sino - Russian trade volume,Machinery & EquipmentCompulsory certificationthe difficulties lie not only inhigh taxes and feesbut also incomplicated customs clearance proceduresandand ever - changing policies and regulations.Throughprofessional document preparation, HS code classification and compliance risk managemententerprises can effectively avoidCustoms clearance delayandgoods detentionsuch risks and ensure an efficient and smooth export process.

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